Nigeria, is a country located on the western coast of Africa. Nigeria has a diverse geography, with climates ranging from arid to humid equatorial. However, Nigeria’s most diverse feature is its people. Hundreds of languages are spoken in the country, including Yoruba, Igbo, Fula, Hausa, Edo, Ibibio, Ukelle, Yalla, Idoma, Birom, Tiv, Igede and English. The country has abundant natural resources, notably large deposits of petroleum and natural gas.
Capital: Abuja
President: Ahmed Bola Tinubu
Population: 228,181,000 – 2024 est.
Form Of Government: Federal republic with two legislative houses (Senate & House of Representatives)
Official Language: English
The national capital is Abuja, in the Federal Capital Territory, which was created by decree in 1976. Lagos, the former capital, retains its standing as the country’s leading commercial and industrial city.
Source: www.britanica.com
Same Facts about Nigeria
It’s Africa’s most populous country: With a population of 219,463,862, Nigeria is by far the most populated country in Africa. It’s also the sixth most populated country in the world, with a larger population than Russia, Brazil and Mexico. The population surged from 95 million in 1990 to 201 million in 2019. This is set to double again to over 400 million by 2050 when it will overtake the US as the world’s third most populated country. There are high-density areas across the country, but particularly populated spots are located in the south and southwest of the country.
There’s a town known as ‘the twins’ capital of the world’: In the town of Igbo Ora, there are around 50 sets of twins born per 1,000 births. That makes it one of the highest rates of twin births in the world. Locals put this down to a diet high in yams and work leaves. Some fertility experts agree with this, citing that certain yams contain a natural hormone that causes multiple ovulation. In Yoruba culture twins are so common that they receive specific names – Taiwo or Kehinde depending on whether they were born first or second. Nigeria also has one of the world’s highest fertility rates. According to the World Bank, in 2020 there was an average of 5.4 children born per woman.
Nigeria is multi-lingual: Nigeria is an extremely diverse country and home to multiple ethnicities. English is the country’s official language, but Hausa, Yoruba, Fulani and Igbo are major languages too. There are over 500 additional indigenous languages spoken here too. Recently, the government has started making efforts to promote the use of indigenous languages, particularly endangered languages such as Tiv, Kanuri and Fulfulde. Nigeria introduced The Nigerian Sign Langauge in 1960, which is modelled on American Sign Language. It’s widely used in Chad and the Republic of Congo. There are a number of different religions practised in Nigeria too. Just over half (53.5%) are Muslim, 10.6% are Roman Catholic and 35.3% practice Christianity.
Nigeria is one of the largest film producers in the world: Known as ‘Nollywood’, Nigeria boasts the second-largest movie producer. It produces around 50 movies per week, which is more than Hollywood and second only to Bollywood. While its revenue might not be able to compete with the likes of Bollywood and Hollywood, it still generates an impressive $590 million every year. That makes it Nigeria’s second-largest employer, with over a million people employed across the country.
Nollywood movies have a huge following in Africa and with Africans around the world. As the world shifted to new digital technology, Nigeria continued to use cheap VHS tapes and players which made it much more accessible and affordable for consumers. The World Bank is also currently supporting the Nigerian government in efforts to support and grow the entertainment industry too.
It boasts the largest economy in Africa :According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in 2020 Nigeria lead the way as the biggest economy in Africa. With an average GDP of $442,976 billion, it is the 26th largest economy in the world. However, the COVID-19 is expected to have taken its toll on the economy. Low oil prices and sharp capital outflows are increasing the balance of payment pressures, which has led to large output contraction and increased unemployment. Experts estimate that Nigeria’s GDP will contract by 3¼ per cent. Despite its sizeable economy, Nigeria is also one of the world’s hungriest countries. According to the 2020 Global Hunger Index, Nigeria is the 10th hungriest country in the world.
It gained independence in the 1960s but it’s still part of the commonwealth: For much of the 20th and 21st centuries, intermittent colonial and militant rule dominated Nigeria’s history. British forces occupied Lagos, Nigeria’s capital, from 1851. The British formally annexed it in 1865 and the whole of Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901. British rule lasted until 1960. The country became a republic in 1963 but remained part of the British Commonwealth, along with 52 other sovereign states.
In 1966, a bloody coup d’etat led to military rule and the establishment of the Republic of Biafra in 1967. Then followed the Nigerian Civil War. Nigeria became a republic again in 1979, but the military seized power again in 1983 for another decade. Finally, after three decades of intermittent militant rile, Nigeria formed a new republic in 1999.
Nearly 95% of Nigeria’s rainforest has been destroyed: Rainforests aren’t the first thing that spring to mind when you think of Nigeria. That’s because the country has lost as much as 95% of it. The Afi Mountain Wildlife Sactuary, a 38-square-mile patch of rainforest is one of its last. It’s also one of the last refuges for one of the world’s rares primates – the drill monkey. There are likely as few as three thousand drills left in the wild.
Nigeria’s remaining rainforest is one of the most vulnerable on the planet. The WWF cites that most of the ecoregion has lost its original forest cover and native flora and fauna – almost no natural vegetation remains in most areas. According to the website: “the only chance for the survival of representative habitat and species assemblages of this ecoregion lies in the continued protection and expansion of the Stubbs Creek Game Reserve”.
Home to Africa’s oldest dye pit: Kofar Mata Dye Pit in Kano was established in 1498 and is Africa’s oldest. It continues to preserve the traditional tye and dye production process used in northern Nigeria. Methods and skills used are ancient, and handed down from generation to generation.
Africa’s first Nobel Laureate: In 1986 Wole Soyinka was the first black African playwright to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
One of the world’s largest diversity of butterflies: Nigeria is famous for its beautiful and diverse butterflies. Nigeria has an exceptional biodiversity and boasts an abundance of fauna and flora. Presently, there are over 1000 documented species of butterflies. New species are still being discovered.
Largest oil and gas producer in Africa: Nigeria has an abundance of resources including oil and gas. The Country holds the largest natural gas reserves on the continent, and is Africa’s largest oil and gas producer.
A flag symbolizing natural wealth and peace: The Nigerian flag is a vertical bicolour triband of green, white and green. The two green stripes represent Nigeria’s natural wealth, while the white band represents peace. It was designed in 1959 by Michael Taiwo Akinkunmi and was officially adopted on October 1, 1960.
Coat of Arms representing dignity, fertile soil, strength and national flower: Nigeria’s Coat of Arms features two white horses supporting a black shield, with a White “Y” shape running across the middle of the shield. Above the shield is a red eagle sitting on a green and white band placed on the shield. Beneath them are green grass, yellow flowers and a banderole.
Courtesy: www.artsandculture.google.com; www.enjoytravel.com
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